guilty as charged :: essays research papers

In William Goldings, The Lord of the Flies, an unlawful executing occurred. Unlawful crimes change from First degree murder to Manslaughter. Second Degree, murder is a killing which is conscious and arranged in blend with crimes. At the point when Piggy had gone to Castle Rock to recover his glasses, he finished battling Jack. While the young men were contesting a stone was tossed at Piggy consequently making him fall and bite the dust. Jack at that point continued to shout to Ralph that that’s what he merited, favoring Piggy’s murder. The Jury should see Jack Merridew as blameworthy of Second Degree Murder in the passing of Piggy.      Granted, Jack Merridew himself didn't slaughter Piggy; notwithstanding, he planned to murder any individual who was in his manner when taking Piggy’s glasses. â€Å"We’ll keep along the sands. At that point on the off chance that he comes, we’ll do our move again† Jack had intended to execute Ralph, much the same as they murdered Simon in their move, in the event that he intruded with his arrangements. Piggy coincidentally was the person who meddled with Jack’s plans. Jack’s devotees tuned in to what he stated, and Roger rolled the stone at Piggy, executing him. Jack never truly thought about Piggy from the beginning. He needed him out of his way so he could get boss; he was the main thing that kept Ralph in control. Jack would have done anything for that position, and Piggy meddled, which brought about his homicide. Jack planned to murder somebody, and Piggy happened to be first.      In expansion, Jack rewarded Piggy with outrageous savagery. Jack's severe conduct toward Piggy uncovered his abhorrent side. This could be the reason he needed to execute him, as they started contending since they had initially met. Jack additionally felt a craving for power; Piggy could never give him this matchless quality, which prompted savagery either truly or verbally. After Jack let the fire go out, Piggy denounced him prompting dissatisfaction in Jack; â€Å"This from Piggy, and the cries of understanding from a portion of the trackers, drove Jack to viciousness. The catapulting look came into his blue eyes. He made a stride, and capable finally to hit somebody, stuck his clench hand into Piggy’s stomach † Jack could have hit any other individual however struck Piggy, demonstrating his profound disdain for him. All Jack required was the chance to slaughter Piggy, and he would have taken it simply like when he punched him in the stomach.

DIABETES - LITERATURE REVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

DIABETES - LITERATURE REVIEW - Essay Example The goal was to break down the hazard factor record and the examination presumes that the danger of diabetes is higher in Asians, Hispanics and blacks than whites when considering contrast in BMI based on the investigation confirmations. The diatory and way of life informations added to the information assortment, the particular examination techniques checks the late admission as far as caloric incentive just as glycemic consumption as well. The information assortment was done over and over for a long time. Polls were the appraisal device. Populace:- Total populace was 78419.Among these populace the examining done based on ethnicity as Asians-801, whites †75,584, Hispanics-613 and dark 1421. Incorporation models:- The incorporation standards were viewed as just the chose populace who have diabetes and who are eager to take an interest and the sexual orientation thought was females. Prohibition Criteria:- Exclusion models incorporate the maladies other than diabetes. Result:- The outcome says that â€Å"Compared with whites, the age-balanced relative dangers (RRs) were 1.43 (95% CI1.08â€1.90) for Asians, 1.76 (1.32â€2.34) for Hispanics, and 2.18 (1.82â€2.61) for blacks. After alteration for BMI, the RRs changed to 2.26 (1.70â€2.99) for Asians, 1.86 (1.40â€2.47) for Hispanics, and 1.34 (1.12â€1.61) for blacks. ... A sound eating regimen high in oat ?ber and polyunsaturated fat and low in transfat and glycemic load was all the more unequivocally connected with a lower danger of diabetes among minorities (RR 0.54 [95% CI 0.39â€0.73]) than among whites (0.77 [0.72â€0.84]). As Weight gain is especially negative for Asians these information proof towards the ethnicity alongside diatory admission that the reverse relationship of a solid eating regimen with diabetes is more grounded for minorities than for whites. Study confirms that the moved Asian ladies populace have the high pervasiveness of diabetes and states that the diabetes and weight are emphatically related each other alongside the higher hazard pace of cardio-vascular illnesses rate (Shai et al., 2006, p.1587). Article 2: ‘Prospective investigation of red meat utilization and type 2 diabetes in moderately aged and older ladies by American Diabetes Association-2004’ The ladies heath study was directed on the theme red me at utilization and relationship of type 2 diabetes mellitus in moderately aged and old ladies was finished by the exploration group with the direction of American diabetes relationship in 2004 ;prompts the confirmations of diatory contribution in diabetes among the predetermined south Asian gathering. Study Design and Methods: Over a normal of 8.8 years, assessed 37,309 members in the Women’s Health Study matured over 45 years who were liberated from cardiovascular sickness, malignancy, and type 2 diabetes and finished approved semi quantitative food recurrence surveys in 1993. Survey was the appraisal instrument. Members: The examination populace contains 377,309 people. All members were has a place with the female sexual orientation classification. Consideration models: The incorporation measure incorporates

Middle Eastern History Essay -- essays research papers

1)     Statecraft and the solidarity of state and religion The way that seventy five percent of the Koran is centered around common technique causes us to acknowledge how significant building up the state was to Muhammad. He installed in these strategies in the Koran since he needed no partition among religion and state. All things considered, having no part between these two aspects leaves no hazy area of decide that complies with one framework and not the other. He didn't need the loyalties of his kin to conflict between their confidence and their legislature. This accomplishment began through the Koran’s reconciliation of sacred writings and common rules. 2)â â â â â Absence of Clergy The nonappearance of pastorate inside the Islamic confidence is credited to three causes.  §Ã‚     In the beginning of Islam, Muhammad would lecture in the blessed city of Mecca. During this time, Mecca was loaded up with Christians, Jews, and Pagans. The Christian and Jewish pastors would ridicule Muhammad day and night; they disheartened and humiliated him keeping in mind the desire to break his will. Its safe to expect that from the beginning, Muhammad has a negative vibe towards priest.  §Ã‚     Islamic confidence is simply the considerably more serving than any of the other significant religions. You convert yourself, wed yourself, and supplicate yourself. Muhammad didn't feel it was basic or even important to organize a more significant position expert in the spot of love.  §Ã‚     Before Muhammad become The Prophet, he was built up, and incredibly fruitful as a businessperson. Furthermore, his business keenness drove him to the end that it would be a misuse of assets to arrangement a more significant position expert in the mosques. All things considered if he somehow happened to prevail at spreading Islamic impact into the Persian and Arabian Empires, he would require all the assets he could get.  â â â â 3) Law Issues a.     Legal methodology The Islamic legal framework has fairly similarity to the American legal framework. The best likeness is the training that an individual is blameless until demonstrated blameworthy. Another similarity is the act of Habeas Corpus. This gives no individual will be held without wanting to without being officially accused of a wrongdoing. Be that as it may, a significant distinction with respect to lawful methodology between our two faction... ...nbsp;    Toleration of different religions and customs Muhammad the legislator felt that it would have been strange and useless to be harsh of different religions. All things considered, Muslim religion was based on Christian and Jewish confidence. To assault the establishment, would subvert the very confidence of Islam. Since Islam is both a religion and a state, Muhammad felt it is simpler to run his state inviting different religions. This rule permitted the incomparable Muslim victories into the Arabian and Persian regions to be so effective. In the event that networks didn't change over, they essentially followed the philosophy of Islamic statehood and kept their religion. 9)     Education Before Muhammad was a fruitful, rewarding agent, he was a poor, uneducated vagrant. Truth be told, when Muhammad previously got disclosures from Allah, he wasn’t instructed enough to decipher them on paper. Similarly as the nonattendance of bias among sexual orientations and classes, the accessibility of high training to everything is additionally a column in the Islam lifestyle. In the event that you are of Muslim confidence, the Koran expresses that it is a necessity to get instructed.

Marketing and Competitive Environment University of Adelaide

Question: Examine about the Marketing and Competitive Environment of The University of Adelaide. Answer: Foundation The University of Adelaide is a state funded college of Australia. It is arranged in Adelaide, South Australia. The college has been established in 1874. The college for the most part has five resources, for example, staff of designing, PC and scientific, personnel of clinical and medicinal services, the workforce of humanities, the workforce of callings and the staff of science. It is considered as one of the main college on the planet and Australia. It is the third-most established college of Australia. In 2010 the University of Adelaide has taken a prominent activity to make the college grounds smoke free (Adelaide.edu.au, 2017). The University the board has presented a smoke free arrangement in the college grounds to forestall the inclination of smoking among the understudies. The college the board gives a protected and excited air to their understudies to empower them. The administration gives exceptional consideration to the extracurricular exercises of the understudies. They h ave included numerous new arrangements into the college rule book to inspire their understudies to accomplish their objective. There are numerous other state funded colleges of Australia that are giving extreme rivalry to the University of Adelaide. The administration is actualizing new advertising techniques to advance the name of the University. They have fortified all the sections of showcasing to draw in countless understudies from everywhere throughout the world. The underneath referenced article has focused on the showcasing section of the University of Adelaide. It talks about the opposition that the college is confronting and distinctive advertising sections. Market outline and request appraisal Work advertise in Australia isn't adaptable and joblessness of this economy is additionally decently high (Bishop Plumb, 2016). As Australian government has taken a few activities for change in advanced education since 2012, interest for enrolment in the colleges has expanded. Advanced education area income in Australia is required to develop at 4.5% over the five years from 2016-17. Figure 1: University positioning of Australia (Source: jll.com.au, 2015) Government got a change the instruction area by permitting private colleges in understudy enrolment for higher and tertiary training. Both private and state funded colleges are worked by showcase driven interest arrangements, where understudy charges are unregulated. As access for advanced education has been made simpler, this market has gotten serious by evacuating limitations on activity. Significant colleges particularly state funded colleges in Australia work inside specific state an area. Subsequently, it is hard for the individual colleges to obtain a huge piece of the pie in the Australian economy. Interest for The University of Adelaide comes both from household and global economy for various undergrad and post graduate courses (australianuniversities.com.au, 2017). Fragment and target advertise Market for advanced education is fragmented by The University of Adelaide as indicated by the qualification and study regions, for example, undergrad and post graduate courses. There are independent office for various classification of subjects, for example, humanities, science, music, and nursing. Market is likewise fragment dependent on time of benefiting training, for example, low maintenance, full time, nearby and off grounds study. Figure 2: Statistics of The University of Adelaide (Source: australianuniversities.com.au, 2017) As found in figure 1, online enrolment rate in this University is low contrasted with disconnected understudies. So as to place itself in the serious situation in the global market, this college needs to attract progressively remote understudies to select this college. More noteworthy passageway of outside understudies can make the income stream more grounded. It is likewise observed that female enrolment is less in this college contrasted with the male understudy (Ibisworld.com.au, 2017). Subsequently, the objective gathering for this University is the online understudies and female understudies of Australia. Enrolment of female understudies at the undergrad level is fundamental center gathering. Current showcasing blend investigations This report centers around the 4 Ps of advertising blend, for example, item, value, advancement and spot. Principle items offered by The University of Adelaide are four year certification, other specialized and non specialized undergrad program, Masters qualification, postgraduate degrees in different subjects of various streams and other instructive courses. Research based examinations are additionally offered by this University. Right now, this University charges yearly education costs AUD$29,900, yearly post graduate education costs AUD$30,520 (australianuniversities.com.au 2017). Then again, worldwide understudies need to pay Biz expenses $83,600, Arts charges $73,500 and Science expenses $87,700, which is higher than the household understudies. Worldwide understudy needs to pay full measure of the education costs. As a present promoting technique, The University of Adelaide utilizes web based showcasing stage so as to draw more prominent number of the worldwide understudies. A more prominent number of understudies come to examine Australia from China. Improvement of online stage for study is the principle center for the University. The University of Adelaide has four grounds in Australia, North Terrace, Rose commendable grounds, Waite grounds and Thebarton Campus (Adelaide.edu.au, 2017). All the grounds has accommodation for transport and all the offices accessible in large urban areas. Nuisance Analysis: Political/Legal Factors: Political and lawful components allude to rules, law and guidelines. In spite of the fact that, this guidelines and guidelines help the association to run effectively, once in a while the ascent of the weight bunches impacts the law and guidelines. It very well may be destructive for the development of the college (Ran et al., 2014). Natural Factors: In this cutting edge period, contamination rate is developing high step by step. High ozone harming substance outflow, augmentation of air, land and water contamination can be hurtful for the hierarchical administration to run their association effectively as high pace of contamination can cause wellbeing perils for the understudies and employees. Social Factors: Each association exceptionally requires the help from the general public and individuals around the association. College the board may confront challenges to run their association effectively if there is a distinction between the social conviction and authoritative conviction. Mechanical Factors: Rise of new advancements has made the life of human simpler, yet the development of cell phone, workstations, web and different contraptions has moved the focal point of understudies from the regular method of study (Forsyth, 2014). Presently days, individuals particularly the adolescent are a lot of enamored with portable, workstations and other electronic devices. It has gotten simpler for the understudies to download the examination material legitimately from the web. They are losing their enthusiasm for books and physical investigation materials. This is probably the greatest danger for the administration of University of Adelaide. Contender Analysis: College of Adelaide is confronting difficulties because of ascent of other state funded colleges like Monash University. Despite the fact that University of Adelaide is considered as the biggest college of Australia and has an enormous number of understudies, Monash University additionally has understudies around 62,567. This college has spread their system in everywhere throughout the world like University of Adelaide. Monash University comprises of 21,953 remote understudies. Monash University is very well known among the global understudies for its worldwide research notoriety and productive expert courses. The administration of Adelaide University is confronting challenges because of the development Monash University. Monash is giving extreme rivalry to University of Adelaide by giving alluring courses to their understudies (Frusher et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis: Figure 3-SWOT Analysis (Source: Created by: Author) Quality: College of Adelaide is known for being a main and most established college in Australia. It saves a rich culture that draws in the understudies from everywhere throughout the world. It has one of the most experienced and capable resources (Vivian et al., 2014). Shortcoming: Being probably the most seasoned college in the World, the University of Adelaide is fundamentally founded on regular examination strategy. It is considered as one of the major frail purpose of this prestigious college. In late time, the understudies generally lean toward present day and imaginative method of study (Mehan, 2016). Opportunity: As it is one of the eminent colleges in everywhere throughout the world, it is very well known among the global understudies and the college give solid climate to its understudy to persuade their imagination. The college the executives has taken some imaginative activities like smoke free arrangement to give sound condition to the understudy for study. It draws in the understudies from everywhere throughout the world. Dangers: The rise of other state funded college is perhaps the greatest danger for the administration of Adelaide University. They are confronting different deterrents because of the ascent of Monash University, University of New South Wales and other state funded college of Australia (Pinto et al., 2014). Worth and brand situating investigation While defining brand esteem situating, The University of Adelaide need to concentrate on scholastic honesty that are connected with advanced education, more prominent work opportunity, positive experience during professional preparing, offering business cordial courses (go8.edu.au, 2014). These systems can bring upper hand for the University both in the household and global market. Positioning of this college is at the lower level contrasted with other top state funded colleges. Along these lines, sexual orientation center might be offered need to upgrade brand estimation of this University. End The report has broke down showcasing attributes of The University of

Who/what is the most to blame for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Who/what is the most to fault for the deplorability of Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet has been portrayed as one of the best love catastrophes in play history. It is loaded up with compelling feelings and perspectives, pressure, activity, viciousness, silliness and above all else love, that ties the star-crossd sweethearts together. A wondrous play which caught the Elizabethans consideration and for a long time into the future. In this article, I want to investigate the play and see what or who is the fundamental driver of this calamitous love story.Before the main scene starts, the tune mentions to us what is not out of the ordinary in the play. A couple of star-crossd sweethearts end their life; whose misadventurd miserable topples, Doth with their passing cover their folks difficulty. The star-crossd darlings imply that Romeo and Juliets love is to be impeded, in view of the stars, that makes them have misfortune in their relationship. This is portrayed as misadventurd pathetic ousts where a person or thing has been a casualty of something that they re honest in, we have sympathy for them, we can call this a catastrophe. This introduction has fundamentally determined what the plot is, however as most would do in the Elizabethan time frame, they wouldnt be mindful toward the beginning, particularly if theres only a man remaining on the stage babbling, they need activity, which is the thing that the primary scene provides.In Act 1, scene 4, Romeo alters his perspective and concludes setting off to the Capulets meal is definitely not a smart thought all things considered. He says, I dread, too soon; for my psyche misgives, some result yet hanging in the stars. Here Romeo has a sign of what to come. He feels that on the off chance that he goes in there, something terrible will occur. Meeting Juliet is something worth being thankful for, yet in addition an awful thing, since it prompts their demises. Shakespeare likely rambled about destiny and strange notions in his plays, as the Elizabethans were odd and in this manner in his play s it gave it that additional credit, to cause the crowd to feel increasingly intrigued. At the point when Romeo leaves the meal, Juliet says, If he be hitched. My grave resembles to be my wedding bed, which means if Romeo is hitched, shell pass on unmarried, as she wont need to wed no other. Here we see a foreshadowment, since her grave becomes her wedding bed.In Act 2 scene 6, Romeo says; Then love-eating up death do what he dare: It is sufficient I may however call her mine Here Romeo is testing destiny, which he does a couple of times all through the play. Is it een so? At that point I deny you stars, Fate plays an enormous part to fault for this catastrophe. Toward the end before Romeo executes himself, he says, O here, will I set up my everlasting rest: and shake the burden of unfavorable stars, Here he is taking his risks on death. He is to find a sense of contentment when he bites the dust, he will be liberated from the fate of his destiny in the stars.Romeo cries; Oh I am fo rtunes fool, He feels as if his life is simply being messed with. At the point when Romeo discovers Mercutio is dead, he says, This days dark destiny on more days doth depend; this however starts the burden, others must end. Romeo realizes he has arrived at a final turning point. He will battle Tybalt to pick up vengeance, yet he realizes that wont be the finish of anything.You could state that the emissary not getting to Romeo on schedule, in this way the format of the arrangement doesnt get to him, could be an unfortunate turn of events. It was destiny that prevented that from occurring. Romeo not comprehending what the arrangement is thinks Juliet is dead and leads him to submit suicide.Juliet additionally makes reference to about destiny and fortune being engaged with her life. Me think I see thee nowas one dead in the bottomeither my visual perception bombs She here is having a hunch of his passing. She at that point proceeds to state after Romeo is gone, O fortune, Fortune, al l men call thee flighty, Here she is conversing with fortune, saying that Romeo is eminent for his dependability and that irresolute fortune should disregard him. Juliet is trusting that whimsical fortune should disregard him, however she is likewise trusting that it will bring her Romeo back.The principle characters each are answerable for interceding in this catastrophe, which probably won't have been, in the event that they had not each done what they did. Romeo, his character is determined, where his head rules him. With cherishes light wings did I oer-roost these dividers, Romeo, and in the following line, he is stating that with adoration he is strong! When Juliet asks him how he discovered her, he answers, By adoration, who originally prompted me to ask; He loaned me counsel a1nd I loaned him eyes. Saying it was love who instructed him to proceed to discover Juliet and as an end-result of that, he gives love his eyes to discover her.In the play toward the start, Romeo gives o ff an impression of being extremely juvenile and doesn't yet know about genuine affection, as brief he was sobbing for Rosaline and the following it was for Juliet surprisingly fast. Did my heart love till now? For swear it, sight! For I neer saw genuine magnificence till this night, which is a fast difference in heart. Before he goes into the Capulets feast, he tells Benvolio, that he can't contrast some other and Rosaline, When the dedicated religion of mine eye, keeps up such lie, at that point goes tears to flames, and that his eyes would lie if there was such another magnificence as Rosaline. This shows Romeos love for Rosaline was a petit crushWhen Romeo tells the Friar that he has another affection, the Friar is stunned and questions Romeo realize what love is. Youthful mens love at that point lies, not really in their souls, yet in their eyes. He condemns Romeo for his unexpected change in heart. Despite the fact that these are on the whole blemishes in Romeos character for being too simple to even think about changing his psyche, Romeo is as yet a considerate individual. At the point when he slaughters Paris, Paris inquires as to whether he could be laid next his dead spouse, despite the fact that Romeo detested Pairs, he despite everything completed Paris demand and regarded him. On the off chance that Romeo didnt need to go to the blowout and he had a premonition about this, at that point for what reason did he go at long last? Maybe he didnt mean what he said and in truth was anxious to go the party?Juliet is still yet youthful and like some other youthful high school young lady longs for marriage and begins to look all starry eyed without any problem. She races into marriage rapidly, however it appears to be very unexpected, as from the outset she says to Romeo in Act 2 Scene 2, It is excessively impulsive, too unadvisd, excessively abrupt, yet later on she says, Thy reason marriage, send me word to-morrow, Romeo and her solitary met around two ho urs prior, they scarcely know anything about one another, and shes previously proposing marriage! This can likewise connect onto how speed has an influence of her and Romeos death.The play occurs in such a short space of time, the occasions inside in it happen rapidly, for example Capulet chooses to have a dining experience with just a single days planning. He likewise chooses to wed Juliet in the matter of 2 days. Romeo and Juliet wed each other inside a day of meeting. Maybe on the off chance that things had eased back down and were more idea about, at that point the outcomes of Romeo and Juliets activities might not have been so deadly. As Friar Laurence proposed, Wisely and moderate they lurch that pursue quick he weds them, giving them a touch of advice.Friar Laurence imagines that Romeo is racing into things, with respect to wedding Juliet. He doesnt imagine that Romeo could comprehend what love genuinely is, in the event that he can quit adoring one individual for another in a matter of minutes. In Friar Laurences first monologue, he thinks about the plants to people. He likewise says, ethicalness itself turns bad habit, being twisted; And bad habit now and then by activity honorable. He is stating that an overdose of something that is otherwise good can be risky and an awful thing can be utilized for the great. This resembles a foreshadowment of the entire play. Romeo and Juliet experience passionate feelings for and it causes their demise, yet their passing brings the quarrel between the Capulets and Montagues to an end. Minister Laurence is hesitant toward the begin to wed Romeo and Juliet, however then he says, In one regard, Ill thy collaborator be; For this coalition may so cheerful demonstrate, to turn your families antipathy to unadulterated love.He figures he should play a touch of match making and wed these two to end the quarrel. In the event that he didn't consent to wed them so immediately, at that point they would have eased back down, the y probably won't have kicked the bucket. In spite of the fact that he does exhorts Romeo a ton, he acts like a dad figure to him. He attempts to talk sense into him, not long before he is to be hitched. There vicious joys have rough end He is stating that he shouldnt race into things. The adoration wont last. He left Juliet at the tomb at her burial service, possibly in the event that he had not left, she wouldnt have slaughtered herself, he couldve halted her, Come go great Juliet, I dare do not remain anymore. He most likely left, terrified of being discovered, feeling embarrassed and guilty.For Juliet, the attendant is her mom figure She knows Juliet shockingly better than her own mom, Lady Capulet. She even has epithets for her, What sheep, what ladybird, which shows how close her relationship with Juliet is. The medical caretaker is a piece of the family, shes been there for quite a while. She prompts Juliet on what to do and lies for her, however when Juliets guardians declare s, that Juliet is to be hitched, the medical caretaker tells Juliet, I think it best you be hitched with the County, O hes a flawless gentlemanI think you are cheerful in this subsequent match, Juliet can't accept whats shes hearing and asks, Speakest thou from thy heart: and the attendant says she does. As nobody concurs with her and sides with her, she professes to concur and cooperate with her dads will. At the point when the medical attendant leaves, shes says to herself, Ancient condemnation, O most mischievous beast, and feels deceived by the medical caretaker who likely did it since she didnt need to lose her employment and be accused for it.You could state that Mercutio and his competition between Tybalt helped Romeo and Juliet go to their demises. Tybalt is the primary stirrer of the fight, on the off chance that he had controlled his fury, at that point Romeo wouldnt need to murder him. Its very unexpected how Mercutio reprimands Benvolio of being a quarreller when hes the person who provoked Tybalt later on in the play. Thy head is brimming with fights then he later says to Tybalt, heres my fiddlestick, heres that will make you move: zounds associate. Mercutios character is very head

Prevalence of Alcoholism in the United States

Prevalence of Alcoholism in the United States Addiction Alcohol Use Print Prevalence of Alcoholism in the United States By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on July 18, 2018 Michaela Begsteiger / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery How many Americans have an alcohol abuse disorder? Statistics can be gleaned from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and other sources about the prevalence of alcohol use, alcohol use disorders, underage drinking, alcohol-related conditions, and fatalities. It is not possible to determine the number of alcoholics in the United States because there is no official diagnosis of alcoholism. Since the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in May 2013, drinking problems have been diagnosed as alcohol abuse disorders, ranging in level from mild to moderate to severe. Even before then, in the DSM-IV, published in 1994, alcohol use disorders were broken down into two categories: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Alcohol Use Among people 18 years or older, an estimated 86.4% reported they had consumed alcohol at some point during their lives; 70.1%said they had a drink within the past 12 months and 56.0% said they drank alcohol within the past 30 days. Prevalence of Binge Drinking and Heavy Drinking An approximate 26.9% of all adults in the U.S. reported engaging in binge drinking in the past 30 days and 7.0% admitted to heavy drinking in the past month. For the NSDUH survey, binge drinking was defined as five or more drinking on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. Heavy drinking was defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on five or more days in the past 30 days. Alcohol Use Disorders An estimated 6.2% of adults over 18â€"about 15.1 million peopleâ€"had an alcohol use disorder. This included 9.8 million men and 5.3 million women, or 8.4% of all adult men and 4.2% of all adult women. Of the people with a drinking problem, only 6.7% received professional treatment for their alcohol use disorder in the past year from a facility specializing in alcohol treatment and rehabilitation. Breaking it down further, only 7.4% of men and 5.4% of women who needed help for an alcohol problem actually sought help for that problem. The prevalence of heavy drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol use disorders are highest among men aged 18 to 24, and men who are unemployed. Several studies have found that binge drinking was most common among non-Hispanics whites, those with some college education, and those with an annual family income $75,000 or more. In contrast, alcohol use disorders were most common among American Indians or Alaskan Natives, those having less than a high school education, and those with an annual family income of less than $25,000. Alcohol Use Disorders Among Youth Among youth ages 12 to 17, an estimated 623,000 had alcohol use disorders, including 325,000 females and 298,000 males. Among U.S. adolescents, 2.5% had already developed an alcohol use disorder. During the previous 12 months, only 5.2 % of those with a drinking problem received treatment in a rehab facility. Alcohol-Related Deaths Each year, an estimated 88,000 peopleâ€"62,000 men and 26,000 womenâ€"die from alcohol-related causes. This makes alcohol abuse the third leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. In 2014, there were 9,967 deaths attributed to alcohol-impaired driving. Prevalence of Underage Alcohol Use A CDC report from 2014 said that, among 15-year-old Americans, 35.1% reported having had at least one drink and about 22.7% reported drinking within the past 30 days. That included 23% of males and 22.5% of females. Among those from age 12 to age 20, 14.2%â€"about 5.4 millionâ€"reported binge drinking. That includes 15.8% of males and 12.4% of females. Approximately 3.7% of this age groupâ€"about 1.4 millionâ€"reported heavy drinking, including 4.6% of males and 2.7% of females. Prevalence of Alcohol Use Among College Students Among U.S. college students, 58.4% of full-time students ages 18 to 22 reported drinking alcohol in the past 30 days, compared to 50.6% of others the same age. An estimated 39% of college students reported binge drinking in the past month and 12.7% admitted to heavy drinking. All of these percentages are significantly higher for the same age group among non-college students.

MIT Sloan Student Interview Ari Oxman

MIT Sloan Student Ari Oxman Here’s a talk with Ari Oxman, a second year student at MIT Sloan who just spent his summer interning at McKinsey. Thank you Ari for sharing your insights and experiences with us! This interview is the latest in an Accepted.com blog series featuring interviews with current MBA students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at top MBA programs. We hope to offer you a candid picture of student life, and what you should consider as you prepare your MBA application. Accepted: First, can you tell us a little about yourself: Where are you from? What and where did you study as an undergraduate and when did you graduate? Ari: Hello! I am originally from California, but my father is in the US Air Force and I lived in several places growing up (Texas, Colorado, New York, Germany, England, others).   I majored in Physics, Philosophy, and Economics at the University of Pittsburgh graduating in December 2005.   I joined GE and stayed there for five years before applying to MIT Sloan. Accepted: Why did you decide to attend MIT? Ari: I decided to pursue an MBA for career advancement, branding, and personal development. There were numerous reasons that I was attracted to MIT Sloan specifically, including: MIT is focused on practical application rather than ivory-tower style theory (this is reflected in the university’s motto, â€Å"Mens et Manus,† meaning â€Å"Mind and Hand†).   At MIT Sloan, this translated into a unique incorporation of experiential learning opportunities into traditional case-based courses. This appealed to me very much and generated some of my best learning experiences during my first year at MIT Sloan. For example, I had the opportunity to work with a US subsidiary of Rakuten, a leading Japanese internet company (details here). MIT Sloan has a well-developed entrepreneurship program integrated with the rest of the university (joint classes with engineers etc.).   Practically speaking, this means opportunities to try something and get prototypes out the door within a semester as well as numerous experienced entrepreneurs, VCs, and lawyers available on-campus to assist. The entrepreneurship resources are available for alumni too, not just for current students. MIT Sloan has an amazing brand name. I liked how the school culture felt when I visited. Accepted: What are some of your favorite things about MIT Sloan? Is there anything you would have changed about the program? Ari: I covered academics a bit above, so I’ll focus on other areas of the school here. My classmates are awesome, both in terms of sharing their experiences and in terms of being loads of fun.   Fun things to do at MIT Sloan include weekly sponsored and themed school mixers (C-functions), the unofficial Sloan Survival Club (last year I went to their self-defense class taught by classmates who are ex-Navy Seals and/or MMA types), camping in New Hampshire, international treks; just generally a never-ending stream of fantastic experiences. I also really like how accessible the faculty is – I’ve seen them help out students via advice and introductions on numerous occasions. What would I change? That is an interesting question and not one that I have put a lot of thought into. Perhaps I am biased, but nothing immediately springs to mind. Accepted: MIT is famous for its competitions. Can you tell us about some of the competitions that you have been involved in? Ari: I participated in four competitions at MIT Sloan during my first year. In the fall, I participated in a team case competition hosted by Deloitte Consulting and in a team exhibition Jeopardy! match against the Watson supercomputer hosted by IBM (we lost badly!). In the spring, I was a member of two startup teams in the MIT $100K business plan competition and also competed in an MIT Sloan poker tournament (as part of a class). Across all of these, my classmates have been mutually supportive rather than overly competitive. Accepted: I see that you interned at McKinsey. What role did Sloan play in helping you secure that position? Ari: MIT Sloan helped during the recruiting process in several ways: first, all the major consulting firms actively recruit on campus, which helps with securing an interview; second, the Career Development Office and Management Consulting Club helped me prepare for the applications and interviews via resume reviews and workshops; and third both first year and second year MBAs provided me with mock case interviews.   The mock case interviews are coordinated centrally to ensure that all interested students are well-prepared for the interview process.   Finally, I was assigned a second-year student who had successfully navigated the interview process as a mentor to assist throughout the fall semester. Accepted: Do you have any advice for some of our applicants who will be applying to MIT Sloan? Ari: It’s a bit of a clichà ©, but visit the school or attend one of the admissions events in other cities if possible to get a feel for the culture. For one-on-one guidance on the MIT Sloan application, please see our MIT Sloan Essay Packages. For specific advice on how to create the best application for Sloan see Lindas MIT Sloan 2013 Essay Questions, Deadlines, and Tips.   Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

A Reflection On The 12 Brain Rules - 1905 Words

A Reflection on the 12 Brain Rules Faduma B. Khalif Dominion High School A Reflection on the 12 Brain Rules In a modern world so driven by hard-work and productivity, it is essential to not only know how the brain works, but to be able to apply key psychological principles to your daily life in order to capitalize on one’s own brain. The 12 Brain Rules, 12 fundamental concepts that explain how the brain works and how to care for it, show how scientific investigations and experiments have unlocked keys to the brain. Five of the 12 Brain Rules, the ones involving sleep, stress, memory, attention, and vision as the dominant of the five senses, are very clearly supported by events in my life as well as expanded upon by new information in the the book, Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School. Sleep is an integral part of live and we cannot function without it. Despite knowing this very well, many people try to anyway. I remember the 3rd quarter of my freshman year, my classmates and I had been given a lot of schoolwork. I remember upperclassmen making jokes to us about how they had gone through phases of ‘not sleeping’ where they would basically live off caffeine and a use a whole slew of other tactics to minimize the amount of sleep they got in order to keep up with their work. During these times my classmates and I would host sessions of â€Å"3 AM club†, where we would stay up till the eponymous time as a class andShow MoreRelatedWhy Gods a Woman1062 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade the audience that God is a woman. Thesis Statement: Since we are supposed to be made in â€Å"his† – meaning God’s- reflection, I am female and therefore God too is female. I. Introduction A. In the bible, Genesis chapter 1, verse 26 – 27, states, â€Å"God said, let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea, and the birds of the air, over the livestock, all over the Earth, and all creatures that move along the ground.† B.Read MoreAnalysis Of Where The Sidewalk Ends A Poem Analysis1275 Words   |  6 Pagescrimson bright, / and there the moon-bird rests from his flight / to cool in the peppermint wind† (1-6). The word choice and descriptive language definitely brought me back to a time when I was younger. Silverstein obviously didn’t follow any set rules, he made it his very own. The place I think he might be talking about is the borderline between night and day, or sun and the moon. It’s the middle of two things that are opposites. 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Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the Lord and shun evil. So, with this in mind, I will attempt to explain the Trinity. The best way to explain the Trinity is not with a statement, but with aRead MoreElectroconvulsive Theory Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesElectro-Convulsive Therapy will be discussed. It will include rationale for the procedure, an account of the procedure and the student nurses reflection on the experience using Gibbs’ model of reflection (Jasper 2003). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment for severe mental illness in which a small, carefully controlled amount of electricity is introduced into the brain. This electrical stimulation, used in conjunction with anaesthesia and muscle relaxant medications, produces a mild generalisedRead MoreEvaluate the Arguments, Presented in the Course, Supporting Chomsky’s Claim That Humans Are Innately Predisposed to Acquire Language, Discussing Specifically What It Might Mean for Humans to Be ‘Innately Predisposed to1356 Words   |  6 Pagesacquire language, by this it is meant a genetic mechanism that holds w hat he calls the ‘universal grammar’ common to all languages. Noam Chomsky call’s language ‘the human essence’ (1972). He is a discontinuity theorist, this means he believes the human brain appears to have an ‘inborn’ capacity to learn and obtain languages. Chomsky puts forward that many of the attributes adult speakers acquire cannot be answered for by learning mechanisms but ‘‘an innate component of the human mind that yields a particularRead MoreVirtual Child Ages 11-16 Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. Whereas concrete operational children can â€Å"operate on reality,† formal operational adolescents can â€Å"operate on operations.† They can come up with new, more general logical rules through reflection, rather than just using concrete things as objects of thought. (p.301). Formal operational thought invokes verbal reasoning about abstract c oncepts. Adolescents doing things such as physics are examples of their operating within this stageRead MoreThe Psychology And Genetics Of An Individual, And Nurture, Or Their Upbringing And Environment Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesRationale- The human brain works in strange ways, it attaches itself to things and then begins to form a personality based on that. There are two views on this subject, on his article of Theories of Personality, Mcleod describes these two. The first one is called the Idiographic view. It says that each individual had his or her own set of psychological structures, and that among a crowd, some sets are possessed by only one person and that there are times when it is impossible to compare one personRead MoreThe And Out Of The Cradle Endlessly Rocking By Walt Whitman942 Words   |  4 Pagesmeanings in â€Å"When I have fears that I may cease to be† by John Keats and â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking† by Walt Whitman. Bits and pieces of nature were used to personify mortality. Additional historical context showed that the poems are reflections of their respective authors’ view on mortality. The interpreted meanings of the theme from the poems were greatly different. D espite being written four decades apart, similarities between the poems were rampant. Poets used nature as a colour paletteRead MoreThe New East Bridgewater Junior Senior High School1601 Words   |  7 PagesIn September of 2013, the new East Bridgewater Junior Senior High School opened it’s doors for the very first time welcoming students from grades 7 - 12. After reorganization of the three schools in the district, it was decided that the seventh and eighth grade would move from the middle school into the new building. Although the building was beautiful and filled with the latest technology, a wave of negative thoughts and expectations about how the school and the school district functions engulfed

The Matrix And Descartes Meditations On First Philosophy

If I think, then I exist. Something cannot be thought without there being someone that thinks it. If there is something being doubted, there must be someone doing the doubting. I am the thinker that thinks and the doubter that doubts. I think, therefore I exist. The Matrix and Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy tell me that reality is not something I can perceive solely through electrical impulses in the brain. Rather, reality is dominantly at the scrutiny of my mind’s judgment. It follows that reality consists of both a physical reality and a nonphysical reality in which I exist the thinker. All things considered, we can resolve that reality is anything that is truly the case. In order to describe what is real, we must first reduce what we think we know about the world to its most basic foundations. Descartes begins his Meditations by first open-mindedly submitting himself to the â€Å"demolition† of his beliefs. Any belief that he believes true, he asserts the opposite true to establish if in any instance this can be an accurate way of observing reality. Any belief whose opposite can be true is doubtable. He then deliberates that all doubtable beliefs are false. This way of thinking Descartes asserts that by using this â€Å"methodical doubt† of integrating knowledge to the most basic and irrefutable fact, we can find if not only one withstanding truth about the nature of reality. Using only physical means to try and understand what is real leads to doubtable beliefs. InShow MoreRelatedThe Connection Between Senses and Reality in The Matrix, Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy and Plato’s The Republic562 Words   |  2 PagesThe popular movie The Matrix, Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy and Plato’s The Republic have more in common than you would think at quick glance. They all examine the theory that our world is an illusion and question the connection between our senses and reality. The clearest similarity between these works is the doubt of the reality of our world and questioning the reliability of our senses. Descartes proposes that we are dreaming and everything we experience is just an illusion. PlatoRead MoreThe Matrix Is A Clear Demonstration Of Descartes Meditation One855 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie â€Å"The Matrix† is a clear demonstration of Descartes Meditation One, they both question the reality in which they are living, and rather or not if it is real or if it is controlled by something else, questioning the current reality. For Descartes, it is controlled by evil demons, whereas a supercomputer controls the Matrix. Both are in what is perceived as a dream state where the senses cannot be trusted. Descartes works up to his case for universal doubt in Meditation One questioning ourRead MorePlato, Descartes, And The Matrix1150 Words   |  5 PagesSamoria Preston PHIL 201 Dr. Alexander Jech 27 November 2015 Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix Life and human existence give rise to a practically endless list of philosophical questions. Among the plethora of abstract and complexity are found questions regarding the nature of our existence and the world in which surrounds us: â€Å"What can we truly know? How can we accurately depict reality? Can we know absolutely anything for sure?† Such questions lead us down roads that twist and turn remainingRead MoreDescartes And Berkeley s Philosophy958 Words   |  4 Pagesin the first place? Am I trapped in the Matrix and everything I see is an illusion? Philosopher Rene Descartes addressed the question in his meditations. He had distinct ideas concerning reality and illusion. Descartes believed in â€Å"Cartesian Dualism† - a relationship between the body and mind. In his meditations, he goes through the process of discarding all of his previously held beliefs and reevaluating them. However, some philosophers - such as George Berkeley disagreed with Descartes. Be rkeleyRead MoreComparing The Matrix With Readings From Plato And Descartes1023 Words   |  5 Pagescontrasting The Matrix with readings from Plato and Descartes This essay will discuss The Matrix, from synopsis of the following; The Republic by Plato, depicting the famous cave allegory, and Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes, offering doubt that some senses are accurate. By examining these two readings, and the movie, it will allow the author to show some comparisons, and to show how they are also different as this essay indicates the world is very real. The Matrix In The MatrixRead MoreComparing Plato And Descartes The Matrix, The Allegory Of The Cave889 Words   |  4 PagesThe short stories, written by both authors Plato and Descartes; The Matrix, The Allegory of the Cave, and Meditations on First Philosophy, focuses on what individuals believe to be reality or not within the world. The stories bring on questions of what is in fact illusion. Overall, the stories provide a guide to the truth. According to Wachowski, A, Wachowski, L (1999) in the Matrix, Mr. Anderson questions everything in the world as he knows it. He wonders if what he is involved in a computer programRead MoreWhat do Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix all have in common? All of them study the possibility that600 Words   |  3 PagesWhat do Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix all have in common? All of them study the possibility that our world is just a fantasy. They also demand that we took a good look into the relationship concerning our senses and reality. There is one similarity between all three works that is clear: their writers are skeptical that the real world that surrounds could just be a product of our faulty senses. Can we really rely on them to justify whether or not what we are perceiving is real? â€Å"All that I haveRead MoreComparing Platos The Republic, Rene Descartes Meditations I, and the Film The Matrix667 Words   |  3 PagesRenee Descartes Meditations I, and the 1999 major motion picture The Matrix. The basic tenet that fuels Socrates Allegory of the Cave and the other two previously mentioned works is that reality through the human senses cannot be trusted, may not be true, and cannot necessarily be validated through the human senses. Based on this central premise, there are a number of specific points of comparison existent between this literature and film, particularly between Meditations and The Matrix. The essentialRead MoreThe Matrix the Cave and Meditations Essay1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe Matrix, The Cave And Meditations PHIL 201 John L. Hill II Liberty University John Hill Professor Allyn Kyes Philosophy 201 October 18, 2012 The Matrix, The Cave And Meditations Thesis: There are many similarities in the Matrix ( Wachowski, Andy, and Lana Wachowski 1999 ), The Allegory of the Cave ( Plato ) and Meditation I of The Things of Which We May Doubt ( Decartes, 1641 ). It appears as you take a close look at the Matrix that it is a retelling of â€Å"TheRead MoreInterpreting The Matrix through Descartes’s Philosophy Essay2059 Words   |  9 Pagesvessel for the soul to use, while Descartes provides proof that the body and soul are interconnected (172). One does not simply use the other; though they are separate, the mind affects the body and the body affects the mind. Cartesian dualism tells us that although the whole mind seems to be united to the whole body, I recognize that if a foot or arm or any other part of the body is cut off, nothing has thereby been taken away from the mind (414). However, Descartes also states that nature also teaches

51 Euphemisms for Youre Fired

A euphemism is a seemingly nice or polite way of expressing a harsh or unpleasant truth.  In the  Oxford Dictionary of Euphemisms  (2007), R.W. Holder observes that euphemism is often the language of evasion, hypocrisy, prudery, and deceit. To test that observation, consider these 51 alternative ways of saying Youre fired.   Dan Foreman:  Guys, I feel very terrible about what Im about to say. But Im afraid youre both being let go.Lou:  Let go? What does that mean?Dan Foreman:  It means youre being fired, Louie.(Dennis Quaid and Kevin Chapman in the movie  In Good Company, 2004) Throughout much of the world, unemployment remains a problem. Yet of all those people who have lost their jobs, few were ever told, Youre fired. Apparently, those day-long seminars in workplace sensitivity have paid off: firing is now as outdated as a defined-benefit pension plan. In its place is a brightly colored file folder filled with smiley-faced  euphemisms. True, a few of the terms sound rather dour and legalistic (involuntary separation, for example, and workforce imbalance correction). A few others are simply perplexing (decruit, lateralize, waive). But many sound as cheery as a year-end bonus: constructive discharge, career alternative enhancement, and—no kidding—free up for the future. Youre not losing a job, these expressions seem to be saying. Youre regaining a life. Euphemisms for Job Termination Here, according to management guides and personnel documents found at a host of online human resources sites, are 51 bona fide euphemisms for job termination. career alternative enhancementcareer change opportunitycareer transitionconstructive dischargeconstructive dismissaldecline a contract extensiondecruitdefunddehirede-selectdestaffdischargediscontinuedownscaledownsizeearly retirement opportunityemployee transitionend of a trial periodexcessingfree up for the futureindefinite idlinginvoluntary separationlateralizelet gomake internal efficienciesmake redundantmanage downnegotiate a departureoutplaceoutsourcepersonnel realignmentpersonnel surplus reductionrationalize the workforcereduce headcountreduce in force (or  riffing)re-engineer the staffreleaserelieve of dutiesreorganize (or  re-org)reshufflerestructureretrenchrightsizeselect outseparateskill-mix adjustmentstreamlinesurplusunassignwaiveworkforce imbalance correction Forget those condescending reminders that youre now free to pursue other interests and spend more time with the family. As anyone who has ever lost a job is keenly aware, euphemisms such as these rarely achieve their goal of softening the blow. The terms that  we  use for getting fired tend to be  dysphemisms: sacked, dumped, bounced out, canned, axed, eighty-sixed, and given the old heave-ho. More About Euphemisms and Dysphemisms Why Do We Use Euphemisms?Euphemisms, Dysphemisms, and Distinctio: Soggy Sweats Whiskey SpeechSoft Language

Nurses Shortage Impact Under New ACA Reform The Future...

System Over the years, the nursing profession has become a vital focus to the US health care system with emphasis on nurses’ crisis as being a future challenge with the new ACA reform. The nursing shortage have baffled the experts to recognize the gaps within the Health Care system by addressing the need of more training programs, educational leaders, increase of financial resources, work load of staff-patient ratio distribution and quality of care satisfaction (Sultz Young,2014). A vision of amplified foundations such as â€Å"the Raise Your Voice Campaign†, AARP , RWJF, Macy’s, and Gordon Betty Moore Foundation have contributed towards the educational research programs by amplifying the nurses role as the†¦show more content†¦According to JAMA , a study report describe nurses as being emotionally exhausted and unsatisfied with their time work quality as they work scheduled is overloaded with more patient care; Dr. Linda Aiken found that â€Å"f ailure to retain nurses contributes to avoidable patient deaths†(JAMA,2002). Another impact of the nurse shortage affecting patient’s quality of care is: the high rate of turnover and opening positions. In 2007 AJN, Dr. Kovner found that 37% of the nurses were thinking of alternate jobs positions. A national poll of nurse recruiter found 16.1% of vacancy rate and 13.1% of turnover (Hodes Group, 2005). The nursing shortage have baffled experts to recognize the gaps by addressing the need of more training, increase resources, work load of staff-patient ratio and quality of care (Sultz Young,2014). Although several Health Reform law provisions have been initiated but not completely in full effect, many statewide have implemented their strategies to prevent a nurse’s shortage crisis. Some benefits of the new provisions are: nursing students have more opportunities now to receive federal government loans than ever before by enrolling into a nursing school program and obtain more training skills on their specialty area where they can provide advance care to the aging population with chronic conditions; aspiring students who are not able to afford their school tuition expenses, theShow MoreRelatedWhy Change Is Difficult For The Healthcare Environment2899 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Affordable Care Act. With the new health care system the government mandated U.S. citizens and legal residents to have health insurance that resulted in the rise of insured individuals. Due to the new policy more people have access to health care that means more primary physician needed to accommodate the rise of new patients. Shortages of physicians not only in the primary care area but also in specialty care area are projected between 46,000-90,000 by 2025 (The Physician Shortage, n.d.). TheRead MoreThe Ever Changing Healthcare Environment3006 Words   |  13 Pagesthe Affordable Care Act. With the new health care system the government mandated U.S. citizens and lega l residents to have health insurance that resulted in the rise of insured individuals. Due to the new policy more people have access to health care that means more primary physician needed to accommodate the rise of new patients. Shortages of physicians not only in the primary care area but also in specialty care area are projected between 46,000-90,000 by 2025 (The Physician Shortage, n.d.). TheRead MorePhysician and Nursing Shortages Essay3012 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Physician Nursing Shortages Impacts they have because the Affordable Care Act and Reform Marquitha Howell 9/28/2013 Healthcare reforms including Obama Care, formally named the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act greatly impacts physicians and nursing shortages. There are several provisions which could direct impact physicians and nurses through incentives for potential recruitment, grants, training and retention. Through potential initiatives, the act may indirectRead MoreThe Health Care Crisis And An Understanding Of The Reforms2277 Words   |  10 PagesA. 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The inaccessible health care results in increased medical effects, mortality rates, increased medical costs, and additional pressure to the future nurses. TheRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesThe Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Read MoreCurrent and Future Economic Issues Impacting Healthcare Sector2827 Words   |  12 PagesCurrent and Future Economic Issues Impacting Healthcare Sector S. 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In an era of global economic markets, these concerns are reinforced by the status of the U.S. as a spendingRead MoreHealthcare Essay18323 Words   |  74 PagesChapter 3 The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Learning Objectives To discover historical developments that have shaped the nature of the US health care delivery system To evaluate why the system has been resistant to national health insurance reforms To explore developments associated with the corporatization of health care To speculate on whether the era of socialized medicine has dawned in the United States â€Å"Where’s the market?† 81 26501_CH03_FINAL.indd 81 7/27/11 10:31:29Read MoreEmanuel Medical Center Situational Decision Analysis47698 Words   |  191 PagesSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY Emanuel Medical Center Situational Decision Analysis James T. Onisk 4/29/2012 Table of Contents Situational Analysis Appendices External Analysis Appendix A: S.W.O.T. Analysis Appendix B: External Trend/Issue Analysis Appendix C: Environmental Trends/Issues Plot Appendix D: Stakeholder Map Appendix E: Service Area Profile Appendix F: Service Area Structural Analysis Appendix G: Service Area Competitor Analysis Appendix H: Critical Success Factor AnalysisRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesCHAPTER 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: ââ€"  Identify four major HR challenges currently facing organizations and managers. List and define each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as an

Patient Safety Free Essays

string(79) " a corporatized government hospital, still waiting for complete privatization\." â€Å"There is a huge missed opportunity for health care professionals to contribute to hand hygiene as they miss 1 in 2 of all hand cleaning opportunities. † –WHO, 2006 â€Å"What kills women with childbed fever is you doctors who carry deadly microbes from sick women to healthy ones! †Ã¢â‚¬â€Louis Pasteur, 1870 1 . 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Patient Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of the Study 1. 1. 1. Nosocomial infection burden Nosocomial infections or healthcare acquired infections can truly be a grave toll for hospital management as much as it is for end-beneficiaries, customers, and stakeholders. Mortality reaches 80,000 annually ; 3 patients die per minute ; 10-20% % incidence globally, and figures are expectedly higher in Third World settings. This is not to mention the corollary problem of emerging microorganisms resistant to overuse of prophylactic and anticipatory shotgun antibiotic therapy as empirical solution. The damage wrought is paramount, reaching a cost of one billion pounds per year in Europe alone, resulting from these. 1 excluding priceless, needless mortalities and morbidities 1 1. 1. 2. Role of Hand Hygiene Institute of Medicine has identified nosocomial Infection to be the most common complication for hospital patients and hands are the most common mode of transmission. In 1991, Harvard Practice Study on adverse events in health care indicated that surgical site infections were the second most frequent type of adverse event for inpatients, constituting 13%. One study established an excess mortality caused by NI to as high as 44% in ICU patients. 2 In a local study at Makati Medical Center by Tupasi Littaua, mortality rate was reported to be all NI cases documented 4. 6 % of n the intensive care unit , and authors conclude that risk factors included invasive and manipulative procedures. â€Å"Majority of deaths from NI were associated with the use of respiratory equipment and Foley catheters which were potentially preventable by strict adherence to aseptic techniques†. 3 1. 1. 3 Reality of Poor Compliance Despite it being a seemingly simple practice, and des pite the acknowledged fact that proper hand hygiene is considered the most critical, the most cost-effective measure of adequate infection program, compliance behavior management has been a protracted managerial headache globally. Indeed in our age of ever increasing sophistication, those seemingly simple practices but with grave implications ironically are difficult to address. While the techniques involved in hand hygiene are simple, the complex interdependence of factors that determine hand hygiene behavior makes the study and management of hand hygiene complex. 2 1. 1. 4. Hand Hygiene Compliance : A Managerial Challenge It is now recognized that improving compliance with hand hygiene recommendations depends on altering human behavior and managing the environment. Input from behavioral and social sciences is essential when designing studies to investigate compliance. Interventions to increase compliance with hand hygiene practices must be appropriate for different cultural and social need4 Speaking for all levels of health care workers , probably the major reason this seemingly simple problem is always taken for granted is the reality that the impact of something not so visible daily to the naked eye will always be swept under the rug amidst more outright demands concerns in patient care. The rest of the justifications like forgetfulness, lack of time, inconvenience, complications, etc. are simply alibis. Given this, the greater burden falls on health care managers to do something so that compliance can be improved, and for health sector in general to come up with more evidence-based materials to convince HCW as well as policy-makers and managers about its importance. 1. 1. 5 Nosocomial Infection Patient Safety Nosocomial infection control is a large part of patient safety, whose importance is currently being highlighted in the light of increasing adverse events which are at most preventable. Prior to this study, the researcher delved into assessing the patient safety culture profile of QMMC, as a general backgrounder, and as part of re-packaging a new approach to an old problem. 3 1. 2. Statement of the Problem Understanding the patient safety culture profile of Quirino Memorial Medical Center gives us the over-all conceptual perspective to the problem at hand. The researcher finds it convenient to discuss it in terms of the Donabedian theme. 1. 2. 1. The Macroenvironment’s Patient Safety Profile 1. 2. 1. 1. The QMMC Patient Safety Structure In alignment with the recent health care thrust, QMMC has revised in 2008 its mission to being â€Å" a tertiary hospital providing a safe, accessible, affordable quality specialized healthcare that is dynamically responsive to the needs of its patients. † Its unwavering commitment is towards delivering health care to all its clients regardless of socio-economic status and to continuously upgrade the services offered in terms of technical expertise, support service, equipment and infrastructure. Patient safety is first and foremost in its goals. Its core values include cleanliness in all aspects including the physical environ, and Its fourth priority is â€Å" to develop and sustain a hospital environment that embraces and practices a culture of safety†. The 7 core values it internalizes include the 7Cs: clean physically, mentally, spiritually, Christ-centered, compassionate, competent, culture-friendly, community-oriented, communicative. At this time, the plus factor is having a medical director who is passionate about the cause, much involved in regular meetings with Department of Health advocates on the matter. â€Å"In QMMC, Dr. Rosalinda Arandia is seen as a charismatic figure in the improvement of health and medical 4 services offered by the hospital and in making recommendations on and implementing the hospital’s quality improvement program. † 5 QMMC is a 350-bed national government hospital that stands in a 42,000-sqm lot between Katipunan Avenue and JP Rizal St, Project 4 Quezon City, Metro Manila. It has in recent years undergone a major upgrading and expansion of its buildings and facilities. Compared to the old infrastructure, the new building and facilities, provide a more sophisticated ambience. Better equipment and architectural upgrading seem to inspire and motivate employees, and the architectural design seems to promote greater staff interaction and communication. Its occupancy rate is 120%. . QMMC is a corporatized government hospital, still waiting for complete privatization. You read "Patient Safety" in category "Papers" When faced with budgetary constraints and too bureaucratic processes they generate their own resources through private solicitations, the biggest of which are donations and affiliation fees from training institutions. As to equipment supplies due to its being a government hospital, only about 60% of its equipment and supplies are provided for and is functioning at any given time. Maintenance and regular checks are being done and complied with as required. It has a total of 564 employees, 35% of whom are contractual. Among the permanent about half have worked for more than 10 years. Among the 549 employees, 159 are doctors (consultants, residents, interns) , 180 are nurses and 225 are administrative personnel. This number does not include those who are fielded from affiliate institutions for training, such as clinical clerks and allied 5 rofessions (nursing, pulmonary therapy, radiologic therapy, medical technology, dental, dietary, midwifery and caregiving). For the consultants and doctors, ratio to patient load is quite acceptable. There are 69 resident physicians and 55 interns. In the wards, roughly the ratio is 1:5 per day; however in the out-patient department, the staff ratio is much higher 1:25 . In the intensive care unit, ratio can be improved to as good as 1:2 depending on the number of rotators from affiliate hospitals , for all professional groups. Attitudes of staff are an important aspects of culture. In QMMC, initial preliminary interviews ith staff revealed that there is some awareness of the concept of patient safety, in all levels of care and even administrative strata. Incident reporting is very minimal such as it is generally perceived that underreporting is rampant. 1. 2. 1. 2 The QMMC Patient Safety Process Profile Teamwork in respective clinical areas is perceived to be good by key administrators, although with the high rate of staff turnover due to training hospital affiliations, this is affected more often than not in a negative fashion. In terms of feedback and communication, there is n o systematic evaluation of staff performance . QMMC has been active in the Patient Safety Task Force of the Department of Health. Underway are devising standardized hospital forms, such as interdepartmental referral forms to enhance communication and lower risks of errors being committed in patient care. 6 In lieu of risk reduction, hand hygiene educational program has been recently revived by the Infectious Disease Team headed by Dr. James Tiu. Educational trainings as well as policy reinforcement are being conducted as the need arises among nursing staff. 1. 2. 1. 3. The QMMC Patient Safety Outcome Profile At the time of study, there were no baseline data available as indicators such as compliance rates, nosocomial infection rates, or patient satisfaction surveys. There are no performance indicators that can be used as feedbacks to improve standards of care. This is a work in progress and hopefull this study becomes a tiny contribution. 1. 2. 2. QMMC’s UncontrolledNosocomial Infection Problem Analyzing the above profile of QMMC, and amidst the track record of physical and service upgrading efforts, the main problem of the hospital regarding patient safety is still nosocomial infection control. Evidences of uncontrolled nosocomial infection are certain occurrences pointing to infection control problems in QMMC in the past 12 months have caused alarm, as follows: (a) Post-surgical wound dehiscence Anecdotal incidents of nosocomial infection getting out of control have been almost part of everyday work in a public hospital like QMMC. However, a situation that occurred last AugustOctober 2008 was particularly notable, wherein dehiscence occurred in a succession of ten postsurgical patients in two wards including the surgical ICU, during Day 5 to Day 11 of their hospital stay. Culture studies revealed the usual notorious nosocomial Proteus microorganisms, E. coli, and 7 Staphylococcus areus , responsive to very expensive intravenous third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, with or without re-suturing of the wounds (Appendix 1) . 6 Aside from the cost of these medications, the prolonged hospital stay with all its accompanying indirect costs to both patient and hospital were staggering. (b) Perennially high incidence of ICU pneumonias and urinary tract infections Based on the latest QMMC Morbidity and Mortality Audit 2008, 7 among ICU patients hooked to ventilators for protracted duration, nosocomial pneumonias are still the leading cause of death. 1. 2. 3. Need for upgrading quality of hand hygiene practice During one root cause analysis done by the management, the Infectious Disease Committee, and the department concerned with the last year’s outbreak of dehiscence, the senior management surmised that the root problem or one of the root problems could be failure for proper andwashing among health staff. The intervention consisted of culture and sensitivity tests followed by proper antibiotic coverage. Policy on handwashing was also tightened up in terms of posting reminders on doors and walls and subsequent refresher educational modules by the Infectious Disease Head were conducted among nursing staff. However, no actual monitoring or evaluation of hand hygiene practices were done . Despite educational training interventions, and despite the presence institutional policies posted on walls and doors, compliance to the practice among QMMC hospital staff has persisted to be unsatisfactory. 8 1. 3. Objectives of the Study GENERAL OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of a hand hygiene intervention package to QMMC MICU and SICU, using comparison of intervention. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES In more detail, this study aimed to : (a) Characterize the current hand hygiene practices in QMMC ICU according to its using structure-process-outcome dimensions; (b) Craft and implement an intervention package addressing manipulable areas of the structure issues identified in the structure-process-outcome dimensions of hand hygiene practices; (c) Measure hand hygiene structure-process-outcome variables as a function of healthcare worker factors and work area factors , pre- and post-intervention, as a way to evaluate impact of above intervention. d) Formulate recommendations to the QMMC management and its stakeholders based on the findings and lessons learned. structure-process-outcome variables pre- and post- 9 1. 4. Significance of the Study The study is valuable in the following general areas of health concern: (a) Infection Control. The study’s advocacy counts very significantly in terms of contributing towards decreasing the grave toll on preventable m orbidity and mortality burden on patients and their families. As we see more systematically the outcome of our efforts towards hand hygiene as it impacts infection control, we learn to rely less on antibiotic use which also lead to emergence of resistant microorganisms that are and will be potentially harder to control eventually. This study will then be part of fulfilling what WHO advocates to be done , i. e. â€Å"for better monitoring of outcomes for hand hygiene studies, reduction of infection rates must be demonstrated, high complexity to evaluate, but high priority requirement. 8 (b) Preventive thrust. Hospitals’ mission is supposedly preventive as much as curative. However, review of literature shows that hospitals, even in the First World settings, tend to so conveniently rely on antibiotic use both prophylactically and empirically in managing and controlling nosocomial infections. Hospital care need not be a double-edged sword nor do we need to stop mitigating phenomena which are in our hands to control, if only we heed the evi dence-based principles put forth. Prevention remains to be the better direction that health care must devote its resources on. (c) Cost savings. According to WHO, â€Å"direct costs of intervention and indirect costs associated with hand hygiene time its promotion corresponds to less than 1% of costs of managing nosocomial infection. Studies on the costs of nosocomial infection caused its toll in terms of protracted hospital stay, expensive drug and antibiotic acquisition in addition to intensive care 10 nit stay, hematological, biochemical, microbiological and radiological tests, extra surgical procedures and working hours. (d) Healthcare management learning. WHO asserts that â€Å"measurement of the compliance of health care workers to hand hygiene measures is a recommended performance indicator of the quality of care†. (e) Compliance behavior management has been a protracted universal problem, as lack of interventional studies to convince policy makers, esp. local, both government and private, predispose health care systems prevalent to sustain awareness and implementation. With the lack of attention given to the problem’s facets and determinants, this study can be a humble contribution. Relevance of this study to the institution and its various stakeholders include the following: (a) Study institution. Often, organizations take action based on some comparison of their measures to a set of benchmark measures. Armed with specific incidents about the organization’s culture, effective action plans flow logically and integrate into existing change processes. QMMC can better select programs and tailor-fit strategies that will be most beneficial to upgrade the attitudes and mindset of the employees, to design the working environment, and to align with its vision-mission pursuit of quality and safety , and better service to patients. It will be helped to see patient and hospital outcomes in a better light. It will eventually have a baseline which will be useful for tracking impact of certain interventions for a sense of comparison. As it uses internationally known research methods, it will provide 1 internal as well as external benchmarking, especially with national government hospitals, both international and local. (b) Leadership. Since QMMC under the present leadership is into the process of advocating patient safety as a goal, this study will help them examine alignments of their policies and systems with their vision-mission statements , goals and core values. Later on when like in international settings and patient safety will be a go vernment regulatory requirement, this hospital can provide benchmarking. (c) Hospital staff. This study provides the staff the much-needed feedback about themselves, the colleagues they work with, and the patients they serve. Feedback is the first step to change. Studies such as this are advantageous in themselves in that it just the simple process of assessment baseline will in itself raise awareness of not only patient safety, specifically, infection control, but of the need for structure (staff attitudes) as well as process variables (teamwork, communication) relevant to safety and other hospital performance. Moreover, they themselves can be target victims of nosocomial infection, so that studies like this could help boost their safety as well. (d) Affiliate training healthcare institutions. The importance of good hand hygiene practice and its observance will be highlighted among the trainees from more than 20 various health care schools, a value that they will most likely carry back to their respected institutions . This is rather crucial and innovative as patient safety, specifically preventive practices to 12 nosocomial control such as hand hygiene are not yet that well-emphasized in the traditional medical and para-medical curricula. (e) Hospital management trainees. The results of this study can be a benchmarking study to compare, study and upgrade other hospitals, both local and international. The study becomes a venue to validate some of the tools that will be used for the first time locally. Results of the study can be utilized by trainees for future research on patient safety and infection control and behavior modification techniques. (f) Healthcare community. This study will help control NI, emergence of resistant organisms for similar government hospitals. It provides significant research for Department of Health which is specific on approaching infection control through Total Quality Management assessment and strategies under their recent thrust on patient safety and quality assurance. Since QMMC could very well be a good prototype of the other government hospitals , the results of this study can largely be of help in implementing the various enabling mechanisms stated in the Philhealth Benchbook. 9 (g) Patients. Above all, since awareness, education , and practice towards patient safety, specifically infection control will be highlighted in this study, the end beneficiary would ultimately be the patients and their families and guests whom this institution is servicing, no matter how indirect and long-term this impact would be. 3 1. 5 . Scope and Limitations of the Study †¢ Being a primarily TQM research project, this study does not attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationship between hand hygiene and nosocomial infection . †¢ This study does not include cost estimates and budgetary implications of intervention if eventually adopted by study institution. †¢ Relative merits of the specific parts of the intervention is beyond the scope of the des ign. †¢ Time and budget constraints were real such that research design were limited in various ways and means. . 6. Definition of Terms and Acronyms TERMS: For purposes of clarity and reference in the discussions all throughout this study, the following definitions and acronyms would be used and referred to: Hand hygiene (HH)- refers to one of the areas in infection control that deals with systems of diminishing pathogenic microbe transmission through evidence-based philosophy and set of practices regarding the hands in relation to direct patient handling during the process of care. 0 14 Hand hygiene practice/practices (HHP) – refer/s to any form of action referable to disinfecting the hands prior to and after patient handling, in the most basic terms defined as â€Å"washing hands with soap/water or (rubbing with) disinfectant, for at least 15 seconds before and after patient contact, after any contact with a source of microorganism, and after removing gloves†. ( Heal thcare Infection Control Practice Advisory ). Hand hygiene event (HHE) – defined as the event involving any of the HH practices (washing, rubbing with disinfectant, donning with gloves) done before or after patient contact; (if both done before and after, they are considered independent events ; if both washing and donning with /removing gloves are done during one instance, it was counted as one event; this regardless of the correctness or adherence to other details as presently prescribed by currently available universal guidelines. 1 Hand hygiene opportunity (HH0) – defined as any event with a high-risk of microbial transmission, executed before and/or immediately after patient contact, regardless of whether gloves. They included all contact with body fluids, or involving manipulative contact with anything in the patient’s body or immediate environment . Over-all hand hygiene compliance – includes all hand hygiene-related behavior in accordance with current institutional , (in this study, QMMC’s ) policy â€Å" to wash hands before and after patient contact† regardless of its alignment with the most currently recommended international standards based on indication, technique, cleansing agent and duration ; this by strict classification based in literature definition, falls under â€Å"incomplete compliance†. 12 15 Complete compliance- refers to all hand hygiene-related practices aligned with the most-updated, most current evidence-based globally recommended guidelines, as required by WHO guidelines 2006 (with QMMC, being a government hospital). Hand hygiene structure-refers to staff factors and work area factors. Staff factors include inherent demographic characteristics, such as professional group, age, sex and duration of service. It also refers to more malleable factors such as staff attitude and training. Work area factors refer to existing policies or specific protocol, logistic infrastructure and supplies, staff volume, patient volume, hospital type, work settings, organizational structure, etc. Hand hygiene process- refers to practice as to how it is done in terms of indication for method, duration, temporal relation to patient contact, cleansing and technique, and how it abides to the currently recommended evidence-based a guideline or protocol . Hand hygiene outcome- refers to measurable events or indicators, for both patients, employees as well as organization; like overall healthcare worker compliance rates, as well as indirect outcomes of good hand hygiene proven in literature, such as nosocomial infection rates, transmission rates, colonization rates. ACRONYMS: For purposes of brevity of certain words and identities mentioned quite repeatedly all throughout the study, the following apply: 6 HCW- Healthcare worker; refers to any staff involved with direct handling of patients in a health facility NI- nosocomial infection; also HAI (healthcare acquired infection); refers to infection developing after 48 hours after admission or confinement in a health care facility. ABHR- alcohol-based hand rub-refers to a hand rub disinfectant with any alcohol of any concentration as the basic ingredient. How to cite Patient Safety, Papers

Exporting and the Export Contract Translation Into Vietnamese free essay sample

The first reason is that the contract contains and covers all the terms which the two parties have come to the agreement. This means that any external document has to be expressly incorporated into the contract. Besides, This is to prevent any ambiguity about the status of any earlier agreements or understandings. Both parties shall only base on the contract to perform their obligations. The last point is to prevent any disagreements and dispute arsing from the difference between the previous drafts and the contract so that the contract can be immediately executed for both parties’ sakes ? A contract normally includes wording the following elements: †¢An entire agreement statement: a statement in the contract that the parties agree that the terms of the contract between them are to be found within the text of the contract document and nowhere else. All entire agreement clauses include this element †¢An exclusion of liability for misrepresentation: most entire agreement clauses include one or more of the following: An acknowledgment by the parties that they have not relied on any representation which is not set out in the contract; A statement excluding liability for misrepresentation

The Winters Tale Essay Example For Students

The Winters Tale Essay In The Winters Tale there is arguments for both sides of this statement. The play starts off with Leontes watching his wife, Hermione, and his best friend Polixenes talking to each other, he seems to think they are flirting and becomes jealous. He even worries that he is not the real father of his son Mamiillius. He says Why thats my bawcock. What! Hast smutched thy nose? Leontes sees Hermione some how as his possession. At the time when this play was being written women did not have very many rights. This is shown by a quote which explains how suspected witches were treated, this treatment was inhumane and shows the lack of womens rights Having taken the suspected Witch, she is placed in the middle of a room upon a stool, or table, cross-legged, or in some other uneasy posture, to which if she submits not, she is then bound with cords; there she is watched and kept without meat or sleep for the space of 24 hours. . . A little hole is likewise made in the door for the imps to come in at; they that watch are taught to be ever and anon sweeping the room, and if they see any spiders or flies, to kill them, then they may be sure they are her imps. (John Gaule, 1646) Leontes thinks that Hermione shouldnt be talking to Polixines without his permission. We will write a custom essay on The Winters Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The fact that Leontes is challenging the honesty and fidelity of Hermione could be very damaging; if this had happened to a woman at the time of Shakespeare it would have been devastating to her. In an essay written by Michael Hattaway entitled Drama In Society it says The virtue of a women depended on her chastity and fidelity This means that if the sort of accusations Leontes is making were made then her life might as well be over. At this time many writers thought that women were inferior to men Sean McEvoy (2000) says Many writers of the time asserted womens inferiority to men. Some drew on the medieval tradition that blamed mankinds fall on eve Leonties thinks that Hermione is being tempted by Polixines, the way Eve was tempted. Another quote from Sean McEvoy showing the inferiority of women or at least how it was perceived by that society is Others thought a women was an incomplete man. The way in which Leontes brings Hermione to trial shows that he thinks of her as a possession. Male adultery at this time was acceptable but for the women to be the adulterer was very uncommon, and they were seen as being dangerous. At this time women did not get very much education, at least not in the formal sense, they were taught to sew and cook. This would have meant that it would be difficult for Hermione to defend herself when she was put in front of the court, as she would not be experienced in that type of environment This is apparent when, according to Sean McEvoy She never once responds to her husbands mad behaviour with a counter charge of gratuitous cruelty. When first accused she blames the configuration of the planets. The main reason that Hermione is not afraid of Leontes putting her on trial is the fact that she has lost the main source of joy in her life, her love. The fact that Hermione is so calm on stage convinces everyone, except Leontes that she is innocent. This would have made the audience turn against Leontes and make him look stupid. According to Sean McEvoy Indeed in the case of Hermione, chastity is closely connected with saying little, with suffering everything but doing nothing. The fact that Hermione is quiet during the trial makes her seem good and pure. At this time Military and legal powers were completely at the hands of men. Although Hermione doesnt do this according to John Webster who comments about the The White Devil (1612) O Womens poor revenge which dwells but in the tongue He is saying that the only way in which women could defend themselves was talking, this was because men were bigger and stronger. .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 , .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .postImageUrl , .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 , .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5:hover , .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5:visited , .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5:active { border:0!important; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5:active , .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5 .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91072bcf9d1d43ddc0bd4256949d13d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet EssayThe Oracle says that Hermione is not guilty but Leontes insists that she is the point in the play when the women get the upper hand. The fact that Leontes is going against the Oracle makes him less credible. The Oracle is the divine power so Leontes should not be challenging it. When Hermione hears the news about the death of her son Mamillius she faints and is taken away by her friend and servant Paulina. This point in the play marks the entrance of the strongest female character of the play in Paulina. Paullina takes Hermione away and then comes back with the news that she is dead. When Paulina starts to shout at Leontes about the way in which he treated Hermione she is quickly accused of sexual infidelity because of her outburst. Leonties ridicules Antigonus Paulinas husband about her outburst and tells him to keep her quite, it is as if Leontes thinks that that Antigonus owns Paulina and can control her, as Leontes soon finds out it is not easy to control Paulina. After this incident in the play Paulina seems to be able to control Leontes in every thing he does, this would have been very unusual at the time when this play was written. Paulina seems to have a lot of control over Leontes she uses this power to manipulate him and make him do what she wants. Although what Leonties did was wrong the way in which Paulina is using Leontes guilt to manipulate him is not very moral, this explains why modern audiences may not have much sympathy for Paulina. At this time it was not unusual for people to remarry after the death of a partner, in fact it was very common, this was because of the low life expectancy. So the normal thing for Leontes to do would have been to remarry, but because of Paullinas constant reminder of Hermione he cannot do this. In Shakespeares time shaming rituals were directed at houses where women were in charge so it would not of went down too well if the people of the country knew that the king was being controlled by a women. According Michael Hataway Women tended not to be portrayed in dramas but were there in available indices of virtue, modesty sexual chastity and wifely constancy. However Paulina seems to go against this trend, she plays a big part in the play and in the end she is in control of the outcome. This would have been unusual according to Sir Thomas Elyot. In his book The book of the Governor it shows how powerful men were at this time. Paullina is acting out of the character of a typical woman, as quoted by Oregal (1996) The good nature of a women is to be mild, timorous tractable, benign, of sure remembrance and shame fast. However Paulina seems to completely contradict this quote, she is very strong and is in no way mild At this point in the play it seems that it is women in control, according to Michael Hattaway, Writers tried to put across their opinions in their plays. Perhaps Shakespeare was trying to say that women should have more rights. Perdita the daughter that Leontes rejected falls in love with the son of Polixonis, Florizel. According to Sean McEvoy. In Shakespeares romances it seems to be the role of the children to make good the errors of their parents and bring harmony were once there was discord. He also says For the future to be better than the past in Shakespeares plays daughters must fall in love with other mens sons- with or without their fathers permission. Women and their relationships with men are therefore central to these plays. The other play that he is describing is The Tempest where the romance of Miranda and Ferdinand reconcile the courts of Milan and Naples. .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 , .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .postImageUrl , .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 , .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9:hover , .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9:visited , .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9:active { border:0!important; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9:active , .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9 .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ddaa7faf1eceb0407ae04b7e4c8a0b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Juliet's Language change manifest the course of play? EssayAt the end of the play Paulina tells Leontes that a statue of Hermione has been made. When he goes to see it he kisses the statue. This makes the statue come alive. When Hermione disappeared after fainting Paullina was the only one who saw Hermione when she took her away. No one knows how the statue of Hermione came back to life, but it looks like Paulina had something to do with it. The first explanation is magic. If this were the case, in Shakespeares time she would have been charged with witchcraft. This interpretation of Paulinas behaviour is one that the audience in Shakespeares time would have been familiar with, but a modern audience would find it ridiculous. On the website http://www.suu.edu/ced/distance/hist4440/topic16.htm it says Across early modern Europe, somewhere between 100,000 to 200,000 people were tried for witchcraft, and of these slightly more than 50% were executed. The common punishment for Paulina would have been for her to be burnt at the stake. Another conclusion of how Hermione has remained unseen for so long is that she was not actually dead but in fact Paulina was hiding her. If this was the case it would not have been very moral and something that a woman would have been unlikely to do. However this is probably the view that a modern audience would take. In the end Leontes gets his wife back and also his daughter. Although he was very unhappy during the time Hermione was dead he will now be happy. However Paulina who seemed to be in control of Leontes now has nothing to manipulate him with. Her husband Antigionus is dead and she has not remarried either. This is were Leontes takes over again as the strongest character in the play. He pairs Paulina off with his servant Camillo. He doesnt even ask her. At the time when the play was written this would no have been socially acceptable, however it could happen and would not have surprised a Shakespearean audience that much. It would have been like a strange movie plot in todays terms, and could be believed but a modern audience would find it very hard to believe. In conclusion there is a lot of ideas in the play, which show the opinions of women at the time which this book was written. At the start the man is in charge, this is how it would have been in Shakespeares time. However in the middle a women seems in charge this would not have been the case in the 17th century, but in the end it is Leonties who is in control and ends up with the best outcome, I agree with the title that the winters tale confirms contemporary attitudes towards women in the 17th century.